Cynthia Campbell
"When Is an Ending Not the End?"
 
Program #4427
First air date April 15, 2001
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Biography
Dr. Cynthia Campbell is President of McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago. Born in Pasadena, California, she received her theological training at Harvard Divinity School and Southern Methodist University. She served several churches in Texas before being called in 1988 as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Salina, Kansas, one of the first large congregations in the Presbyterian Church USA to call a woman as head of staff. Dr. Campbell is a well known preacher and teacher. [Biographical information is correct as of the broadcast date noted above.]

"When Is an Ending Not the End?"
A reading from the Gospel according to Mark, the sixteenth chapter:

"When the Sabbath was over, Mary Magdalen and Mary, the mother of James, and Salome brought spices so that they might go and anoint Jesus. Very early in the first day of the week when the sun had risen, they went to the tomb. They had been saying to one another, 'Who will roll away the stone for us from the entrance to the tomb?' When they looked up, they saw that the stone had already been rolled back. As they entered the tomb, they saw a young man dressed in a white robe, sitting on the right side. They were alarmed. But he said to them, 'Do not be alarmed. You are looking for Jesus of Nazareth who was crucified. He has been raised. He is not here. Look, there is the place where they laid him. But go, tell the disciples and Peter that he is going ahead of you to Galilee. There you will see him just as he said.' So they went out and fled from the tomb, for terror and amazement had seized them. And they said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid."

"When is an ending not an end? When a dead man rises from the tomb, and when a Gospel ends in the middle of a sentence." So writes Lamar Williamson about the end of Mark’s Gospel. "The women went out from the tomb, for terror and amazement had seized them; they said nothing to anyone, they were afraid for..." That’s how it reads in Greek, ending the sentence and the Gospel with a preposition. The most important story of the Christian faith just stops and the end just hangs out there. And we are left waiting, unresolved.

The English translation solves that problem by moving the preposition: "They said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid." That solves the problem with the sentence, but not with the Gospel. Several ancient versions of the Gospel attempted to solve this problem by adding another ending. You will see those printed in your Bibles. But the style of writing is so different that you can tell, even in English, that these were added by another hand, by someone who wanted to make Mark’s Gospel sound like the others, by someone who wanted an end. Even back then, there was some editor who was saying: "We can’t have this. We need a conclusion! We need to wrap this up so that, to mix the media metaphor, we can bring up the background music, roll the credits and let people leave with a good feeling about this. We can’t have: "they said nothing to anyone for they were afraid!"

Any yet, at least in the short run, Mark is probably quite right. Of course, these friends of Jesus were afraid. Death is awful, especially this terrible execution, but at least we know what death is. Death leaves us in deep pain, but at least we know what to do next. Death is tragic, but at least we can understand that someone we loved has gone.

But this...this is something else entirely. Three grieving women come to the grave to complete the cleaning of the body for its burial; they come to do what you do next when someone has died. At the tomb, they meet a young man in a robe of white who tells them that their friend has risen from the dead and is going ahead of them to Galilee, back where they all came from. Now, either they are hallucinating or this young man is part of a conspiracy and has stolen the body or this really is a divine messenger and something as amazing as creation itself has just happened. Any way you look at it, they were bound to be terrified.

"They said nothing to anyone, they were afraid for..." But obviously, they did. They told someone, who told someone, who told someone else, who told a lot of people, because 40 years later Mark is writing this Gospel. And nearly 2,000 years later here we are believing and sharing it.

Mark’s Gospel opens with these words: "The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God." Mark goes on to tell a great story about a preacher who talks about God in a way that made people want to believe; about a man with a loving touch who made sick people feel better and crazy people calm down; about a man so filled with God’s vision, that he included women in his inner circle and ate with traitors and cheats, and touched people who had the worst communicable disease of his day.

The death of this good man was a terrible thing, and Mark spends most of his story telling about that. He tells about how Jesus tried to prepare his friends, to explain that the only way to the life that death could not take away was for God’s Messiah to die. Mark tells about conflicts that Jesus had with religious leaders who thought they already knew everything there was to know about God and life and death. He tells about a meal where bread and wine take on a whole new meaning; about agony and fear. Finally, he tells about pain and a cry of utter abandonment.

Then the women come, and just when we think the story is going to pick up and turn around, they run away in fear. No wonder some editor tacked on "the rest of the story!" This Gospel has a beginning, the author has told us so. What it needs is an end. A definite conclusion. A so-what. A where to next.

But maybe that’s the whole point. Maybe this story has no end, at least not yet. Perhaps this awkward sentence with its preposition at the end is Mark’s way of saying: "This story isn’t over because now it’s your story and mine." This is something like one of those plays where the audience gets to vote on how the play ends after a break in the action. Only in this case, it’s the audience that gets to live the end.

Paul wrote to the church in Corinth: "As in Adam all die, even so in Christ will all be made alive." Mark’s audience believed that. They believed that, because of Jesus, their lives had been completely transformed. In a world of despair, they had hope. Even though they were facing persecution and execution, they were confident. Because of Jesus, they knew that in life and in death, they belonged to God, that nothing in life or in death could separate them from the love of God in Christ Jesus. The story of Mark’s Gospel doesn’t have an end because it isn’t over. Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again! A good man was put to death, but the power of God is at work now inviting men and women, children and young people, you and me, into new and transformed lives.

But what do we do with these transformed lives? If you are one that believes that God has healed and touched you, what difference does that make in your living? In an era of unprecedented prosperity, children are dying from hunger. In a nation of vast resources, young people are denied hope and a future. What does that mean for us who live Easter lives? This Gospel, this Good News cannot be confined, you see, to a moment in the past, nor is it simply about hope for some far off future. This terrifyingly good news is that Christ is alive, saving people from a living death and offering life in all its fullness. And of this we are witnesses.

Mark’s story of Jesus has a beginning, but it doesn’t have an end. It just keeps going and going, from one life to another, touching and transforming us one by one. The risen Christ was not at the tomb but going ahead of his friends. And that’s where we see him today: out ahead of us. Where charity and love prevail over injustice and violence; where compassion and hope replace cynicism and despair; where peace and love take root in lives that are empty and lost; where human beings know joy and justice, dignity and delight: there is the risen Christ, beckoning to us.

When is an ending not an end? When the end is just the beginning of a story about eternal and abundant life. Amen.

Interview with Cynthia Campbell
Interviewed by
Lydia Talbot

Lydia Talbot: Cynthia, the women—bewildered, trembling—fled the tomb, said nothing to anyone because they were afraid. What kind of fear was that, that allows us to know that it’s not the end of the story?

Cynthia Campbell: Well, whatever happened had to be an incredibly powerful experience, and the women are so critical to this story. They are the ones who stayed with Jesus through the dying. They are the ones who were there, as women often are in families at times of tragedy. And then, as is the custom, and probably is the custom in many families still, it’s their job to care for the body and make it ready. There would have been a ritual of putting spices and wrapping and cleaning the body before burial, which could not have happened on Friday night because it was the beginning of the Jewish Sabbath. So now we’re at Sunday morning. We’re at the third day after the Sabbath is over. Now they’ve come back and they are numb with grief. Then to have someone say, "He’s not here." It’s a fear that is of amazement and incredulity. Are they crazy? Is this a plot?

Talbot: Awesome, mysterious. It’s said the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom. And we’re reminded that we should not dwell on the suffering and death with fear, that to be able to do things for others and not be reminded of the pain that those kinds of things might cause, is to understand Easter. So that part of the love of God embodied in the person of Jesus remains untouched by death. 

Campbell: Yes. There’s a powerful word by a contemporary theologian, Jürgen Moltmann. He asks the question, "Where does the cross happen for God?" And his answer is, "The cross of Christ happens deep in the heart of God." That God is wrapped up in that suffering and so that God has not only known the joy of human life, but has known the most profound pain and abandonment, as well.

Talbot: Cynthia, can we get past the sympathy for the crucified Christ and on to loyalty to the resurrected Christ?

Campbell: Absolutely. It’s precisely that power of God that has triumphed over pain. And it is that knowledge that nothing in life or death can separate us from that love that keeps us going.

Talbot: So in the story, the question is: what’s next?

Campbell: Right!

Talbot: Thank you, Dr. Cynthia Campbell.
  


 

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